Resumen de Unfolding piecewise-smooth dynamics in a single inductor multiple-output switching converter
Vanessa Moreno Font
Switching power converters are known to be appropriate solutions to supply energy to electronic devices owing to their high efficiency and low cost, Their extensive use in the last decades has motivated researches to improve their designs and to go deeply into the comprehension of their behavior which, like most power electronic devices, exhibit nonlinear dynamics. More recently, electronic equipments containing multiple loads have been arisen such as PDA, mobile phones, MP3... These applications frequently require multiple supplies with different polarities. Single-Inductor Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (SIMIMO) switching dc-dc converters are becoming as solutions to supply low power devices as LCD displays and to charge batteries due to the significant reduction of size because the use of a single inductor.
The inherent switching nature of these systems classifies their dynamics into the field of Variable Structure Systems (VSS), which are also known as Piecewise Smooth (PWS) systems. Due to the fact that their dynamics cannot be completely explained with the classical smooth theory, in the last years a lot of effort has been addressed towards the research on a theory of non-smooth dynamics motivated by different fields of application.
This dissertation deals with the dynamical characterization of SIMIMO converters, which can help us to prove their viability. Two strategies of control, both of them based on the widely used Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) control, are discussed. In the first alternative, the control is used to regulate a Two-Input Two-Output (SITITO) converter with opposite polarity. The two required modulate signals are generated synchronizely. This strategy of PWM control is called in this work Single Phase Control (SPC) in contrast to a second strategy, which is noted here as Interleaved Control (IC), capable of driving a generalized single inductor multiple-input multiple-output converters. This control is based on the use of various modulating signals, equal to the number of outputs, which are progressively time delayed.
The dynamics of the SIMIMO converters, just like of the basic dc-dc converters, presents a rich variety of nonlinear phenomena, which covers from smooth bifurcations, such as period doubling, Saddle-Node or Hopf bifurcations, to non-smooth bifurcations. After proving the existence of stable dynamics if appropriate parameters are selected, this dissertation will deal with the investigation of models to analyze the complex dynamics of the converter in a wide range of parameters. Several models are proposed and analyzed in this work. Averaged models, from which slow scale instability condition can be determined, and discrete-time models, able to prove fast scale instabilities, are used in a complementary way. Besides this, several approaches of these models will be established and validated. Their usefulness will be proved not only in the prediction of the stability, but also in the characterization of the non-smooth bifurcations presents in this converter. It will be shown that simple one-dimensional Piecewise-Linear (PWL) models provide analytical expressions for the stability and existence conditions of fixed points of the discrete-time models. Furthermore, higher dimensional maps are developed to improve the accuracy of the predictions obtained by means of one-dimensional maps and averaged models.
The discrete-time analysis of a SITITO converter driven by each of the two strategies of control has revealed that its dynamics can be modeled by a PWL with three trams in a specific range of parameters. To our best knowledge, the literature on PWL maps includes continuous and discontinuous maps but is limited to two trams. Therefore, this dissertation is a contribution in the field of non-smooth dynamics in base to the unfolding of specific dynamics of three-piece maps.
Concerning the IC control, a generalized analysis of the stability is obtained for a SIMIMO converter with a generic number of loads. The stability analysis of the one-dimensional model has revealed the existence of a type of non-smooth bifurcation, which has been classified in this dissertation as a non-smooth pitchfork owing to the appearance of two new fixed points after undergoing the bifurcation. Detailed analysis in higher dimensional maps associates this bifurcation to a Neimark-Sacker, whose existence cannot be predicted by averaged models.
This dissertation also includes some experimental results obtained with a SITITO dc-dc converter prototype, to validate some of the scenarios found in the analysis.
