Análisis y evaluación de la sostenibilidad en proyectos de vivienda de interés social en lationamérica
- Autores: Harlem Acevedo Agudelo
- Directores de la Tesis: Jordi Morató Farreras (dir. tes.), Luis Fernando Gonzalez Escobar (codir. tes.)
- Lectura: En la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) ( España ) en 2017
- Idioma: español
- Tribunal Calificador de la Tesis: Xavier Álvarez del Castillo (presid.), Manuel De Arriaga Brito Correia Guedes (secret.), Edwin Byron Benigno Zea Escamilla (voc.)
- Materias:
- Enlaces
- Tesis en acceso abierto en: TDX
- Resumen
In view of the thousands of social interest housing projects being carried out in Latin America, the question arises of what these new spaces offer in terms of habitability, well-being and environmental responsibility. However, these developments reflect the fact that the focus has been more numerical than systemic, which leads us to infer a profound lack of knowledge of the human and geographic diversity in question.
The main objectives of this study are to analyse and evaluate how sustainable the social interest housing projects in Latin America are. It proposes a research model based on the use of a series of factors and variables that allow for the definition, analysis and consideration of the human and environmental impacts of these projects on the residents, the local environment and the territory.
In terms of methodology, the research was split into 5 phases, in order: I. Theory and concept, II. Methodology proposal, III. Case study of Antioquia, Colombia, IV. Contrast in the Latin American case and, finally, V. Proposal stage.
Following this scheme, the housing projects are presented from their first mentions in international legislation and the related concepts of habitat and sustainability are considered. Also covered are the proposals for territorial diversity and regionalisation as ways to understand the relationships people have with the places where they have settled.
Later, the proposed methodology was implemented in Antioquia, Colombia, with the objective of studying rural and urban housing in 7 socio-environmental fields by analysing, both quantitatively and qualitatively, 6 fundamental groups of factors: Physical Structure and Spatial, Material and Technology, Thermal-Acoustic-Luminous, Physical Environment, Socio-Cultural and Economy, Institutional and Participatory. This allows for a comprehensive view of the land and the housing.
In response to this proposal, three cases from Mexico, Colombia and Brazil were considered in unison, with special emphasis placed on the coherence of the legislative guidelines with the materiality of the housing. Following on from this, the levels of habitability and sustainability offered by these complexes as measured via satisfaction surveys and the technical analysis of the materiality were considered.
For this exercise, a total of 13 social housing complexes were compared and evaluated, starting from the legislation of the three countries and continuing with the meticulous investigation of three key factors to find out: the characteristics of the siting and lands, meaning the use of the building land and the level of integration with the municipality and region; the materiality and design of the housing, in terms of materials and technology used and the habitability offered by the schemes; the social and economic component, with special consideration of the ability of these projects to strengthen social, community and participatory schemes.
Finally, in order to make the housing a more pleasant and sustainable environment, suggestions for improvements from experts on the topic of social housing were considered. This kaleidoscope of suggestions also incorporated the findings and proposals from this research. All in all, the methodology proposed here offers a comprehensive overview of the current state of social interest housing in Latin America and allows for the consideration of its viability in terms of connectivity, urban integration, city creation, environmental impact and social resilience.
Keywords: social housing, sustainability, habitability, territorial diversity
