El conjunto urbano moderno de la plaza independencia de concepción, chile 1955-1970
- Autores: Valentina Ortega Culaciati
- Directores de la Tesis: Cristina Gastón Guirao (dir. tes.), Horacio Enrique Torrent (dir. tes.)
- Lectura: En la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) ( España ) en 2018
- Idioma: español
- Tribunal Calificador de la Tesis: Antonio Armesto Aira (presid.), Aquiles González Raventós (secret.), María Fernanda Jaua Bouthelier (voc.), Edson da Cunha Mahfuz (voc.), Maria Pia Fontana (voc.)
- Programa de doctorado: Programa de Doctorado en Proyectos Arquitectónicos por la Universidad Politécnica de Catalunya
- Materias:
- Texto completo no disponible (Saber más ...)
- Resumen
The city of Concepción, has been greatly transformed by the occurrence of several seismic events. During the XX century, modern architecture found, in these events, the agent that allowed its introduction and consolidation as an urban image. Moreover, as posed in this research, one of these events was also responsible for its demise. The 1939 earthquake is related with the production of significant public spaces, and set the basis for a change of the architectonic image of the city through the edification of the first modern style buildings. Also, the 1960 earthquake allowed the consolidation of the modern architecture started by mi 1950¿s. In the other hand, the great earthquake occurred in February 2010, uncovered the process of vanishing of the city modern urban-architectonic image, represented by the intervention strategies applied to urban relevance buildings that were affected by the earthquake. Until the 2010 event, the Plaza Independencia was the place in which three of its four facades were defined by modern buildings. The north-west façade stands out, being emphasized by plate and tower typology, constitute urban character architectural pieces, form Concepción most representative urban facade. Two of the buildings of such facade, the FIUC and El Araucano Hotel buildings, suffered damage that resulted in reconstruction and repair strategies that eliminated the modern features characterizing them. Thus, irreparably and drastically altering the architectonic image of the nor-west facade of the Plaza. The applied intervention strategies, allows us to propose a trend that could mark the future of the modern heritage of the city. A question arises from all the above, why the architectonic image, understood as the system of visual relationships of the oeuvre, of emblematic modern buildings of Concepción, has been erased?. Based on the idea that ¿the expressive organ of architecture is the material with which we balance the structure, we harmonize its proportions and give meaning to the creation process¿, the hypothesis links technical and constructive aspects with the modern form. The most representative modern image would have its origin in the technique as social ideology, that situated it as a modernity icon, based in the extensive use of glass. The technique was not only important from the point of view of the technicality, as it encompassed three scales of indissoluble relationship: the form, the urban form and the technique.
Then, research reconstructed, from the perspective of the project, the Plaza Independencia modern urban set (1955-1970), in order to recognize the value of the form and its relationship with the technique, from the visual experience of its study and from the analysis of its technical and formal criteria. Our work allowed to determine which were the contributions of the architectural projects proposals, under the consideration that architectonic image has a direct relationship with the expression of the facade cladding technique, which played a fundamental role to stablish the guidelines that emerge from them.
In the light of the performed research on the Plaza Independencia modern urban set, the press of the time, interviews and studies of referents, the FIUC building becomes relevant. Not only from the recognizance of its visual criteria and formal structures derived from the technique that determined its contemporaneity and made it into a city building piece. The major contribution of this research lies in the FIUC building, the discovery of what in the Thesis work we named as the Plan Seccional de 1957 (Sectional Plan of 1957). This Sectional Plan, established the model form of the plate in advance of the plan of Duhart y Goycoolea in 1960, to which traditionally has been attributed the establishment of the plate-tower system for the center of the city.
