Millora de la protecció uv de substrats tèxtils mitjançant l'aplicació, en l'extrusió, de nano i micropartícules
- Autores: Maria Ana Cot Valle
- Directores de la Tesis: Diana Cayuela Marín (dir. tes.), Ascensión Riva Juan (codir. tes.)
- Lectura: En la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) ( España ) en 2017
- Idioma: español
- Tribunal Calificador de la Tesis: José M. Canal Arias (presid.), Albert M Manich (secret.), Milena Dimtchova Tzvetkova (voc.)
- Programa de doctorado: Programa de Doctorado en Ingeniería Textil y Papelera por la Universidad Politécnica de Catalunya
- Materias:
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- Resumen
In this thesis, we study the improvement of the UV protection of polyester textiles by introducing nano or microparticles of TiO2 in the polyester during the extrusion of the yarn.
Initially, the influence of different dispersing agents on the good dispersion and mixing of TiO2 with PET is studied. The dispersing agents studied are a partially saponified ester wax of mountain acids (PSEMA), an ester of montanic acids with multifunctional alcohols (MAWMA), an amide wax based on N, N'-bisstearoyl ethylenediamine (AW) and an IQAP dispersant.
By non-isothermal crystallization and birefringence microscopy, the good dispersion capacity of MAWMA is observed, so this dispersant is chosen for later study.
Next, the importance of the crystalline form (rutile and anatase), particle size (micro and nanometric) and the concentration (1, 2 and 3%) of titanium dioxide in mixtures with polyester in the presence of the dispersing agent chosen in the first part. Its behavior in nonisothermal crystallization by DSC and ultraviolet radiation (UPF, UV protection factor) is studied.
The purpose is to know the concentration of optimum TiO2 particles and dispersant for subsequent generation of multifilament yarns with said particles. It is concluded that with 2% of particles, they are well dispersed.
The PET wires are then obtained with TiO2 particle under the conditions selected above, a post-spin drawing is performed to provide the yarn with optimum textile properties, knitted fabrics are obtained from said yarns, and finally the fabrics are thermoset. It is studied the variation of the properties of the threads after each of the textile stages applied to know the influence not only of the processed but also of the contribution to this variation by the presence of TiO2 particles.
The influence of particle inclusion on the yarn according to particle size (nano or micrometric) and crystalline form (rutile or anatase) on mechanical properties, crystallinity (DSC) and ultraviolet protection (UPF) is studied.
Finally, the microstructure of the tissues obtained by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and the Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) is characterized.
A significant improvement of the UPF value of the particle tissues with respect to the UPF value of the original tissue is observed.
The observed relationship, in order from highest to lowest protection, is the following: Rutile Micro> Rutile Nano ¿ Anatasa Micro> Anatasa Nano It is observed that substrates with rutile particles have higher ultraviolet protection than anatase particles.
As for the particle size, it is observed that the micro particles protect more than the nanometric ones.
Keywords: UV radiation, UPF, nanoparticle, microparticle, TiO2, rutile, anatase, dispersing agent, POY multifilament, PET, DSC, nucleation, tenacity, crystallinity, orientation, non-isothermal crystallization.
