Nanotechnologies with the ability to modulate the immune system can be exploited to develop new advanced therapies. The first part of this thesis describes a potential HIV vaccine candidate consisting of nanoparticles loaded with up to three peptide antigens. Based on the good responses in terms of protection against viral infection in macaques, the quality-by-design and scaling-up production of this vaccine candidate was performed. Finally, in the context of cancer, a potential immunotherapy with the capacity to polarize tumor-associated macrophages towards anti-tumoral phenotypes was developed.
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