Balance de masa e identificación de indicadores para medir eficiencia en la gestión y procesado de materiales en las plantas públicas de compostaje de fracción orgánica de residuos municipales (form) de cataluña
- Autores: Gemma Girós
- Directores de la Tesis: Emilio Gil Moya (dir. tes.), Margarita López Martínez (codir. tes.)
- Lectura: En la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) ( España ) en 2020
- Idioma: español
- Materias:
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- Resumen
The importance for the good management of the waste increases day by day, due to the increase of the generation of waste .Composting is one of the most used treatments in the management of the organic fraction of municipal waste (OFSC), allowing the decrease in environmental impact, increasing the quality of life and improving the main characteristics of the soil, due to the production and application of compost and stabilization of materials destined for landfills.
Due to the important need to promote the integral management of waste, the objective of this doctoral thesis is the study of the mass balances of composting plants, as well as the determination of easily measured indicators that allow the evaluation and monitoring of efficiency of the composting process. To achieve this objective, the mass balances of composting plants in Catalonia were studied through the database of the Waste Agency of Catalonia (ARC). The 21 public composting plants of organic fraction were classified by capacity and technology, and we worked with the quantities of the materials treated and produced or rejected during a period of 8 years (2010-2017). Global material balances were studied and various process indicators related to total and biological losses, saturation, yield or rejection generation were formulated. The quality of the compost obtained was also studied and related to the different indicators.
The results obtained show that the proposed indicators, offer relevant information on the efficiency of composting plants, allow to calculate the percentages of biological losses with average values of 65%, total losses with values greater than 80% and with values greater than 25% of rejections produced, as well as !he correlation of saturation with the indicators and the quality parameters of the final compost, in which a negative correlation is observed with the biological losses, total losses and with the total organic matter. In the next stage, the balance analysis focused on a single installation of the 21 analyzed and another plant composting facility was deepened. In both cases, in addition to analyzing the balance sheet, the same indicators were applied but in detail. The results indicate that, in general, it is necessary to maintain a detailed database on the quantities of the treated materials, to know the proportion of plant recirculation used, as well as the compost produced and not just the one issued, which will allow the results of the indicators are more attached to reality. However, it would also be important to establish públic awareness methods that allow waste reduction and encourage participation in separation al source to reduce the presence of improprieties in the organic fraction. The indicators have proved useful for the analysis of plants, both globally and specifically for installation, where they charge more value by having more adjusted plant information.
