Resumen de Influencia de los subcentros metropolitanos en la estructura de los valores inmobiliarios y nuevos métodos de identificación de centralidades
The Monocentric model of urban structure, characterized by a clear dominance of the CBD (central business district) in terms of concentration of employment and activity, flourished the main theories of the urban economy, such as offered rent (bid rent), which establishes a relationship of inverse proportionality (trade-off) between the rent that the locators are willing to transfer to the ground, and the cost of transportation. The locations closest to the CBD are those whose soils receive the most rent. The current paradigm of metropolitan urban systems is abysmally far from this, meanwhile: a) the CBD does not usually concentrate the largest amount of metropolitan employment, and b) the rest of the employment is either dispersed or agglomerated in sub-centers.
The research discusses the methods of identification and validation of these as territories with a remarkable centrality in the territory, and subsequently, establishing measures of the impact of these centralities on urban values, such as land prices, housing prices, indicators mobility and CO2 production.
The research problem arises from the heterogeneity of analysis methods of the sub-centrality and also from the dependence, of one of the main currents, of the labor density as a central element of analysis. In this logic, this agenda also questioned and developed different synthetic measures of this labor density. The main objective of this doctoral thesis is to evaluate proposals for methods of identification of sub-centers, applying them to the Metropolitan Region of Barcelona, considering the different density measures.
The hypothesis raised in the research is whether labor density as a synthetic measure can be more efficient compared to its traditional measurement, together with a discussion about the different methods, it allows improving the identification of sub-centers in a metropolitan environment.
The methodology used in the analysis is: 1) to test different identification approaches to sub-centers in the Metropolitan Region of Barcelona 2) to design and test different validation conditions of these sub-centers; 3) Rescue based on measures and indicators the effects of this sub-centrality on real estate values, CO2 production, land use, among other factors.
The results lead that the most robust subcentre selection method turns out to be the construction of a monocentrality curve through a regression, analyzing the positive residuals and placing a threshold (1 standard deviation), to identify worker density emergencies, which are subsequently validated based on the definition of a sub-center with at least 3 components, mobility, prices and impact on the density of workers, CO2 production and land use.
In addition, different approaches to the delimitation of metropolitan areas were tested, applying these to the identification of emergencies or concentrations of workers in 7 Spanish metropolitan areas, which constitutes a secondary line of work, but convergent with the main research agenda.
The results are synthesized in two lines, the first corresponds to the proposal of a methodology for the identification of sub-centers, which includes the formation of new synthetic measures of labor density. Of these the Composite Density, as a synthetic measure, improves the identification conditions for the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona and Madrid. Vectorial Density, which is synthesized by considering a vector between the components of the traditional one, proves its effectiveness in explaining real estate values, such as house prices, CO2 production and urban land use, in the case of the Metropolitan Region of Barcelona.
