La persistencia de lo habitable. Socoroma y la construcción del paisaje del agua: el habitar y la gestión del agua para la construcción del paisaje de los pueblos alto-andinos del norte de chile
- Autores: Rosa Chandia Jaure
- Directores de la Tesis: Albert Cuchí i Burgos (dir. tes.)
- Lectura: En la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) ( España ) en 2021
- Idioma: español
- Materias:
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- Resumen
The study of Traditional Ancestral Knowledge associated with the construction of a landscape and a way of living, constitutes an effective mechanism to move towards sustainable development. It is a body of technical knowledge to build habitability, which is developed by a human group through generations, who live in close contact with the surrounding ecosystems. It is cumulative and continually readapted to the cultural, economic, social or environmental transformations that occur over time. In the oases case, it talks about a territorial unit that is built considering water as a fundamental resource for the existence and gravitational condition of its displacement. The community develops management strategies and construction techniques for the interaction of water with the components of the pre-existing territorial matrix: soil, relief, flora and fauna; in extreme environmental conditions: high solar radiation, water shortage, low ambient humidity and high temperatures. The case study is located in in the high-Andean territory in the northern Chile, in the village of Socoroma, at 21º latitude and 3,300 meters above sea level. It is an agricultural landscape of dry-stacked stone terraces, with a history of human occupation by various human groups since pre-Hispanic times. This thesis seeks to describe the process of landscape construction, linked to traditional mountain living. The gravitational displacement of water guides the definition of the hydraulic spaces that make up the Hydraulic System, delimiting irrigated spaces, which will be later modeled by the inhabitants in the Space and Construction System to shape the landscape. Technical operations are carried out, for the construction of stacked stone walls, associated with the proper management of the hillside slopes for water displacement; erosion control, moisture maintenance and minimization of landslide risks. These two systems perpetuate over time as traces in the territory, even before their eventual abandonment by the human group. However, its operation depends on social and cultural practices that constitute the Productive System, where water is managed from everyday life: irrigation and distribution of water between the community and its crops in the plots; and from the symbolic point of view, where the rite builds territorial imaginary around the cultural practices linked to the inhabited revalidation of the territory, in a larger territorial unit that is implicitly recognized from the Andean worldview: water basin, represented by the sacred condition of the mountains as providing sources for existence.
It is concluded in the importance of understanding from an interdisciplinary and inter-scalar approach, these alternative models of construction and landscape management, whose methods are far from industrialized practices, and have not lost connection with the environment. Comprehensively understanding the logic of the technical model of the oasis is a process that requires crossing disciplinary boundaries. However, learning allows to extrapolate knowledge in other territorial areas, contributing to improve environmental knowledge, in order to define intervention strategies linked to the environment in the field of architecture and urban design.
