Resumen de Análisis composicional de la segregación socioespacial en la ciudad de guadalajara, méxico
In recent years, rapid population growth and the accelerated urbanization of cities as a result of different economic, political and social forces have been accentuating the unequal distribution of the different socio-economic strata over its territory. Thus, the geographical concentration of individuals according to their socio-economic status is related to their access to resources and the rules they are subject to in order to access these resources. In this sense, the homogeneous geographical concentration of population strata with low socio-economic status is associated with physically and socially devalued spaces that accentuate and reproduce in an intergenerational manner the conditions of poverty that affect the development of cities. Accordingly, public policies and urban interventions have sought to mitigate the phenomenon of the differentiated distribution of social groups on the territory, known as socio-spatial segregation. Nevertheless, whether by omission or lack of capacity, the bulk of anti-segregation policies in the Latin American region have tended to reinforce patterns of inequality that have existed since colonial times. For this reason, the objective of this doctoral thesis is to analyze the trends and effects on the socio-spatial dynamics caused by urban policies in the city of Guadalajara, Mexico in order to establish proposals for mitigation and improvement. The study analyses the socio-economic structure of the city and its relationship with land markets, with the unequal supply of public goods, as well as with public works spending by the local government administration. The study has carried out various statistical analyses, such as principal component analysis, cluster analysis and regression analysis considering the compositional nature of the data. In this sense, the consideration of the compositional nature of the data in the statistical analysis performed has been a contribution of this thesis to the existing literature on urban studies. The results obtained show a differentiated distribution of the socio-economic strata over the space, which largely responds to the results of the analysis of the land markets. Similarly, a shortfall has been found in the existence and accessibility of public space offered in the city. On the other hand, asymmetries have been found in the allocation and distribution of urban trees, as well as a significant relationship with the socio-economic status of households. Lastly, public works spending has been found to be unequal and to have benefited the high socioeconomic strata of the city. In order to understand the territorial dynamics, the results of the study are shown through cartography generated using Geographic Information Systems at neighborhood and urban district level. Finally, it is intended that the results obtained and the proposed interventions developed should be of use to the government administration in achieving a resilient and sustainable Guadalajara.
Keywords: compositional data analysis; log-ratio; socio-spatial segregation; residential segregation; spatial justice; environmental justice; public space; urban green; public expenditure; public infrastructure; Guadalajara
