Transformacions hidro-socials a la conca del llac urmia, iran

• Autores: Maja Zenko
• Directores de la Tesis: Louis Lemkow Zeiterling (dir. tes.)
• Lectura: En la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona ( España ) en 2020
• Idioma: español
• ISBN: 9788449094439
• Tribunal Calificador de la Tesis: David Saurí i Pujol (presid.), Michael Richard Mason (secret.), Ernest García García (voc.)
• Programa de doctorado: Programa de Doctorado en Ciencia y Tecnología Ambientales por la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona
• Materias:
  • Ciencias de la tierra y del espacio
    • Geografía
      • Biogeografía
• Enlaces
  • Tesis en acceso abierto en: TDX
• Resumen

  • Large-scale anthropogenic alterations of water flows through hydraulic infrastructure are the manifestation of hydro–social imaginaries of politically and socially powerful groups and often produce a profoundly unequal distribution of burdens and benefits for different social groups or regions, reflecting their social and political power. Those that are marginalized can suffer manufactured water scarcity, which disturbs the natural, economic and socio-political order of those water users, thereby severely affecting their livelihoods. It is downstream communities that are often the ones whose socio-natural environment is most affected by alterations of water flows, while also receiving the least benefits that such projects create. Informed by the field of political ecology, this thesis builds on extensive fieldwork undertaken in the Lake Urmia basin in north-western Iran to investigate the complex relationship between water and society, focusing on the various effects of the manufactured water scarcity on the disadvantaged downstream water users. First, the thesis problematizes the unequal vulnerability of the members of different ethnic minorities facing the same environmental disaster and links this with social and political power dynamics at the state level. It identifies the key elements that lead to the enhanced vulnerability of one ethnic group versus another and traces the historical dynamics of empowerment and marginalization of the two at the state level to explore the processes that led to their current differential status. It argues that the understanding of the development of unequal power relations within a society at the macro-level is key to reducing this inequality at the micro, or household, level. Second, it uses the lens of hydro-social territories to analyze the contested nature of the reconstructions of such territories, especially through the process of governmentalization, and links this with the under-researched impacts on mental health. This is done by identifying the pathways through which manufactured water scarcity leads to psychological disorders experienced by disadvantaged water users. Finally, adopting the lens of hydro-social cycle and waterscape, the thesis explores how waterscapes are produced by advancing particular narratives of meanings, values, and roles of water employed by the dominant groups, while profoundly undermining local and traditional water practices. It further suggests how the concepts of waterscape and hydro-social cycle could inform paradigms and tools currently in use in policy-making to become more inclusive and encompass the interests of all stakeholders.