Engineering viral vectors for crispr-cas mediated genome editing in plants

• Autores: Mireia Uranga Ruiz de Eguino
• Directores de la Tesis: José Antonio Daròs Arnau (dir. tes.), Carmelo López del Rincón (tut. tes.)
• Lectura: En la Universitat Politècnica de València ( España ) en 2022
• Idioma: español
• Tribunal Calificador de la Tesis: Ana Montserrat Martín Hernández (presid.), Cristina Ferrandiz Maestre (secret.), Frank Takken (voc.)
• Programa de doctorado: Programa de Doctorado en Biotecnología por la Universitat Politècnica de València
• Materias:
  • Ciencias de la vida
    • Virología
• Enlaces
  • Tesis en acceso abierto en: RiuNet
• Resumen

  • Innovative breeding technologies are urgently needed to ensure food supply to a rapidly growing population in the face of climate change. The recent emergence of tools based on the clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins has revolutionized targeted genome editing, thus holding great promise to both basic plant science and precision crop breeding. Most common CRISPR-Cas arrangements include a Cas endonuclease and a single guide RNA (sgRNA) that determines the specific target sequence to edit in the genome. The delivery of CRISPR-Cas reaction components within a plant cell is a crucial step that greatly influences editing speed and efficiency. Conventional approaches rely on supplying editing reaction components by transformation technologies or transient delivery to protoplasts, both of which are laborious processes that can raise legal concerns. Alternatively, recent studies have highlighted the potential of plant RNA viruses as transient delivery vectors of CRISPR-Cas reaction components, following the so-called virus-induced genome editing (VIGE). Since the applicability of each viral vector is limited to its molecular biology properties and a specific host range, the main objective of this Thesis has been to expand and improve the available toolbox for VIGE. First, we engineered a vector derived from Potato virus X (PVX; genus Potexvirus; family Alphaflexiviridae) to deliver multiple sgRNAs in a Nicotiana benthamiana transformed line constitutively expressing Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9. Using the PVX derived vector, host endogenous genes were efficiently targeted, producing nearly 80% indels in the tissues of adult plants. Interestingly, PVX allowed the simultaneous expression of unspaced sgRNA arrays, achieving highly efficient multiplex editing in a few days. We obtained edited progeny with a high rate of heritable bi-allelic mutations either from plants regenerated from infected tissue or infected plant seeds; in the latter II case, the sgRNA was previously fused to a mobile RNA module. Hence, since PVX is not seed-transmitted, all edited seedlings were virus-free. Aiming to expand the virus-based toolbox for transformation-free editing, we next developed a two-compatible virus vector system for the simultaneous delivery of all CRISPR-Cas reaction components in the plant. Tobacco etch virus (TEV; genus Potyvirus; family Potyviridae) was engineered to express a Cas12a nuclease, and in combination with PVX-assisted sgRNA delivery, we achieved successful transformation-free genome editing in a N. benthamiana line constitutively expressing potyviral NIb. Moreover, we demonstrated that a single PVX vector can supply the potyviral NIb activity as well as perform sgRNA delivery for genome editing in wild-type plants. Altogether, the work performed in this Thesis contributes to the enrichment of the current VIGE toolbox. The wide host range that both PVX and TEV possess, particularly among solanaceous species, postulates them as promising candidates for future applications in VIGE-mediated functional genomics and precision breeding.