Avaluació del potencial de les cobertes dels edificis per integrar sistemes d'alimentació, aigua i energia: l'ús de la tecnologia de teledetecció i aspectes perceptius en una regió mediterrània

• Autores: Perla Liliana Zambrano Prado
• Directores de la Tesis: Xavier Gabarrell Durany (dir. tes.)
• Lectura: En la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona ( España ) en 2021
• Idioma: catalán
• Tribunal Calificador de la Tesis: Laura Talens Peiró (presid.), Eva Cuerva Contreras (secret.), Tito Morales Pinzón (voc.)
• Programa de doctorado: Programa de Doctorado en Ciencia y Tecnología Ambientales por la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona
• Materias:
  • Ciencia política
    • Opinión publica
      • Información
• Enlaces
  • Tesis en acceso abierto en: TDX
• Resumen

  • Rooftops represent potential spaces in cities for integrating systems that can supply food, water, and energy (FEW) to citizens. The production of resources in cities contributes to environmental, social, and economic benefits and can contribute to urban sustainability. Some works assess the potential integration of rooftop urban agriculture (RUA), rainwater harvesting systems (RWHS), and photovoltaic (PV) systems. Nevertheless, most of the existing works consider them as isolated only one system. Regarding FWE nexus there is a lack of procedures to assess their integration holistically. To assess the feasibility of roofs data about their characteristics, such as materials, geometry, and solar access are required. Regarding RUA, in Europe emerged initiatives for integrating RUA, for example, Paris, Copenhagen, and Berlin are promoting and have developed general guidelines and urban building regulations. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of information, about policies, factors, barriers, and opportunities to support RUA especially in the Southern Europe region, where incentives to support RUA projects have recently appeared. In this regard, this thesis aims to establish the stages for assessing the potential integration of urban agriculture, rainwater harvesting, and solar energy systems on rooftops, from a holistic perspective, using remote sensing technology as well as analyze social aspects. Chapter 3 outlines the process for obtaining the reflectance data of roof materials from the Mediterranean region, in a laboratory condition using a high-spatial-resolution sensor. Chapter 4 describes a process for mapping roof materials using a hyperspectral image obtained whit two airborne sensors. The case study is in The Vallès Occidental region, north of Barcelona, and comprises 15 km2 this area included compact and disperse urban forms, and various building typologies. From the hyperspectral image and using a k-means clustering algorithm, seven roof classes were identified. In Chapter 5 a framework was established to identify and analyze the technical feasibility of roofs for integrating urban agriculture, rainwater harvesting, and photovoltaic systems using various remote sensing. The framework was applied to the same case study of Chapter 4. For this work, three levels of solar access requirements for different crops tomatoes, leafy crops, strawberries, and microgreens were established. In addition, self-sufficient of lettuce, tomatoes, water for crops irrigation, water and energy consumption of citizens was calculated. Chapter 6 provides an overview of potential key factors, policies, and barriers associated with the integration of RUA, building on the stakeholder’s perspectives in four European cities: Barcelona, Berlin, Bologna, and Paris. The research was developed in two phases, a workshop and a survey to stakeholders involved on RUA from the four cities. Some of the findings are that education, environmental, research, technological innovation, food production, and social factors play an important role in implementing RUA. Finally, Chapter 7 analyzes the perceived barriers and opportunities about the implementation of urban agri-green roofs (UAGR) in Barcelona. The World Café method was used in this work. Five categories of barriers and opportunities were discussed (social, environmental, legal/administrative, technological/architectural, and economic) by interdisciplinary stakeholders. A total of 129 barriers and opportunities were identified. It was also identified that the stage of the UAGR life cycle is where most opportunities appear during the “use” stage of the roof, whereas barriers do so during the “project” stage.