Resumen de Analysis of Ly-6Chigh CD1lb+ monocytes generated in vitro iniflammatory animal models / Análisis de monocitos Ly-6Chigh CD11b+ generados in vitro en modelos animales de inflamación
Erika Barboza Prado Lopes
a. Introduction The immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. However, the immune system needs to be well regulated since a disorder in an immune response can result in autoimmune diseases, tissue destruction, inflammatory diseases and cancer. Within the context of innate immunity, the mononuclear phagocyte system, cells comprising bone marrow progenitors, blood monocytes and tissue macrophages is acquiring great importance in the study of different pathologies and particularly the monocytes/macrophage functions. In this regard, recent studies demonstrate that monocytes present a heterogeneous population of innate cells. Monocyte was found leading to distinct cell populations with various subtypes with distinct functions. Two types of monocytes were identified in mice. Resident monocytes, with a CD11b+CCR2lowLy-6ClowCX3CR1high phenotype, migrate to uninjured tissues after emigration from bone marrow and differentiate into resident macrophages and dendritic cells. In contrast, a distinct inflamed monocyte subset with a CD11b+CCR2highLy-6ChighCX3CR1low phenotype infiltrates infected tissue and contributes to the development of inflammation. Currently, all studies performed with monocytes are done in transgenic models (i.e. CCR2-/-; GPF-CX3CR1 models) or with expensive techniques to study and acquire the maximum number of cell possible from mice blood. Monocytes constitute around 2% (100cells/?l) of the total peripheral blood leukocyte pool in mice, where only 1-5% are Ly-6Chigh monocytes. What makes difficult to study it. b. Objective 1. Development of an in vitro model that allow the generation of large amounts of Ly-6Chigh monocytes from bone marrow from mice. 2. Characterization of the phenotype of Ly-6Chigh monocyte generated in vitro. 3. Analyze the activation function of Ly-6Chigh monocyte generated in vitro. 4. Study the migration of Ly-6Chigh monocytes in to two inflammation models: - Skin (DNFB model) - Muscle (Notexin muscle model) 5. Analyze the therapeutic effect of Ly-6ChighCD11b+ monocytes injection in the resolution of inflammation in two experimental models of inflammation. c. Methodology and Results To achieve the first aim of our work, bone marrow cells were cultured with different grows factors and FCS at 37ºC in a humidified 5% CO2 atmosphere for 7 days when the population of floating cells was obtained and stained with Ly-6C and CD11b markers. This population was sorted for the acquirement of the Ly-6ChighCD11b+ cells. In order to characterize the phenotype of these cells we stained them with several markers. Our results demonstrated that this Ly-6Chigh enriched population is CD11b+CD62L+CCR2+ F4/80+CX3CR1low, presenting the same phenotype of the cells presents in the blood. To study the functional heterogeneity of enriched Ly-6Chigh cells, these cells were incubated with IFN-? as typical classical stimuli and IL-4 as an alternative pathway stimulus. Ly-6Chigh cells incubated with IFN induced the expression of TNF and NOS2 with a characterized kinetics similar to macrophages. However, these cells increased arginase-1 levels when were stimulated with IL-4. Thus, the in vitro results have shown the plasticity and heterogeneity of monocytes as previously described by macrophages and thus, suggests us that these cells can also adapt to changing microenvironments as previously described. Further, to observe the migration capacity and functionality of these cells in vivo, we optimized two experimental model of inflammation. In the first model an ear skin irritation with 1%DNFB was induced. In the second model, muscle inflammation was developed by the injection of Notexin in the tibialis anterioris. In both models inflammation was induced and Ly-6Chigh enriched cells stained with an infrared fluorocrome were injected intravenous in mice and migration was observed by in vivo image at different days. Migratory capacity of Ly-6C cells to the inflamed tissues was appreciated in both models, corroborating with data previously described. To analyze the therapeutic effect of Ly-6ChighCD11b+ monocytes injection in the resolution of inflammation, RNA and histology cuts were obtained from both models. The results showed that Ly-6Chigh-injected mice express higher levels of anti-inflammatory genes such as mannose receptor, which corroborate with the histological images where animals treated with Ly-6Chigh cells recover before of the inflammatory process that untreated animals. d. Conclusion 1. We established a novel in vitro protocol to generate Ly-6ChighCD11b+ monocyte obtained from bone marrow of Balb/C mice. 2. The cells generated in vitro have the same phenotype of the Ly-6C from blood flow. 3. Cells Ly-6ChighCD11b+ monocyte present high plasticyty. 4. Ly-6ChighCD11b+ monocytes generated in vitro migrate in vivo. 5. Injection in acute and chronic in vivo inflammatory models of Ly-6ChighCD11b+ monocytes generated in vitro, display an improvement in the site of inflammation through the presentation of a more anti-inflammatory profile.
