Resumen de Las Fábricas textiles en el centro y sur de México de 1835 a 1910: origen, evolución e influencia europea
Almidia Patricia Ruiz Flores
The research presented in this thesis under the title ¿Las Fábricas Textiles, En El Centro Y Sur De México De 1835 A 1910. Origen Evolución e Influencia Europea¿ is proposed based on the principle 2.3 that ICOMOS presented for the analysis, conservation and restoration of architectural heritage structures which says that "A full understanding of the structural and material characteristics is required in conservation practice. Information is essential on the structure in its original and earlier states, on the techniques that were used in the construction, on the alterations and their effects, on the phenomena that have occurred, and, finally, on its present state." The main objective of this thesis is to produce support documentation for the analysis, preservation and good intervention of the industrial heritage, specifically the buildings that housed the textile manufacturing processes in Mexico. The study was based on a historical and architectural constructive technique, conducted mainly in ten states of Mexico from 1835, that was when the first building with all the features of a factory appeared, covering 75 years of development, including its higher peak during the era known as the ¿Porfiriato¿, and ending in 1910 when the Mexican Revolution began, when several factories closed their doors. This document also intends to give testimony of the importance of this kind of buildings in order to give them proper value recognition. This type of construction was pioneered by adapting the use of materials and constructive techniques that were implemented in Europe to local conditions, resources and building traditions in Mexico. To obtain information about the origin and evolution of these structures a historical, architectural, typological and constructive analysis was performed based on two major influences: local influences (¿obrajes¿ and ¿haciendas¿) and foreign influences, specifically European (analysis of textile production buildings to identify materials, techniques and typologies of the Industrial Revolution in Manchester England, Catalonia Spain and France). For this reason the study was divided into two major areas: the analysis of the influences (Chapter II) and a medullar second issue which focuses on the analysis of the textile mills in central and southern Mexico (Chapter I, III, IV). Once the data of the mill factories in Mexico was collected it was possible to obtain data on the evolution and growth of each of the sample sets analyzed. Later on a comparison between the two great influences and the constructions of this kind in Mexico is presented to obtain the results of the origin and degree of influence in these buildings (Chapter V). This study was developed based on a documentary research at regional, national and foreign (European) as well as in large part data collection was conducted as field research (in situ) in 32 sampled sets of 136 factories that were included in the inventory. All information collected is grouped into catalog cards contained within the volume of annexes. In the annex part sketches, drawings and contemporary photographs are incorporated. Its development was based on the analysis of specific files, interviews, photography analysis and lithographs of the period.
