Eliminació de H2S mitjançant biofiltres percoladors: millora de la transferència d'oxigen
- Autores: Ginesta Rodríguez Mary
- Directores de la Tesis: Antonio David Dorado Castaño (dir. tes.), Xavier Gamisans Noguera (dir. tes.)
- Lectura: En la Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) ( España ) en 2013
- Idioma: catalán
- Tribunal Calificador de la Tesis: David Gabriel Buguña (presid.), Concepción Lao Luque (secret.), Marc Fortuny Picornell (voc.)
- Materias:
- Enlaces
- Tesis en acceso abierto en: TDX
- Resumen
In the current energy crisis and climate change context, energy use of biogas has gained relevance, since it is possible to get energy from waste, and also minimizes the emission of methane into the atmosphere. However, biogas contains between 0.1-0.5% v / v H2S (1000-5000 ppmv), which must be removed in order to produce energy because, apart from producing a strong odor, its combustion mighty generate highly corrosive species, harmful to health and the environment, such as sulfur oxides and sulfuric acid. In this sense, biological treatments have proved to be very competitive when compared to physicochemical techniques, since they do not require the addition of reagents, using the metabolism of microorganisms to oxidize potential contaminants. Oxygen transfer to the aqueous phase is key to the proper operation of biotrickling filters, since for each mole of hydrogen sulfide degraded two moles of oxygen are required. Under conditions of oxygen deficit in the liquid phase, the oxidation reaction is not complete, thus accumulating elemental sulfur (an intermediate product) in the filter packing material. Sulfur is an insoluble pasty solid and, therefore, its accumulation increases operating costs. Eventually, if corrective actions are not scheduled, the biofilter can become completely clogged. The biofiltration process of an industrial scale biotrickling filter, which eliminates between 2000-2500 ppmv H2S at a gas flowrate of 80 m3 h-1 has been studied. The reduction of 0.8 pH units in the operation reported a 78% reduction in water consumption, which is used to regulate the pH. The viability of the biological oxidation of sulfur accumulated on the computer was checked, eliminating 40% of the sulfur accumulated on the packed bed in 21 days. This study proposes the use of intensive aeration equipment such as venturi devices, in order to supply the necessary amount of oxygen to maximize the formation of sulfate. Sulfate is finally removed from the biofilter by purging the liquid phase. For this purpose, three commercial aeration devices have been tested: a membrane diffuser, a jet-venturi and an venturi-efector operating at conditions similar to those usually found in biofiltration of hydrogen sulfide. Experiments were carried out under conditions similar to those that occur in biofiltration of hydrogen sulfide present in biogas: pressure greater than atmospheric pressure and the presence of sulfate in the liquid phase. Also, the effect of venturi configuration was tested by measuring the pressure drop along the device. With the diffuser membrane the effect of adding a non-aqueous phase in order to maximize oxygen transfer and the use of pure oxygen instead of air was studied. An intensive gas-liquid contactor (jet-venturi) was selected based on its energy consumption and efficiency in oxygen transfer. This device was implemented in an industrial scale biotrickling filter, reporting an improved conversion to sulfate (32%), with a 78% reduction of air supply. The operation of the biofilter with the jet-venturi resulted in an improvement in robustness and reliability of the desulfurizing system. Finally, a mathematical model that predicts the formation of sulfur and sulfate was developed. This rigorous model approach had not been reported until now. The model was calibrated and validated in two biofilters: a lab-scale and an industrial scale. A satisfactory fitting of the experimental and simulated data was obtained.
