Leading people positively: cross-cultural validation of the Servant Leadership Survey (SLS)

Raquel Rodríguez Carvajal ^[1] ; Sara de Rivas Hermosilla ^[1] ; Marta Herrero Lázaro ^[1] ; Bernardo Moreno Jiménez ^[1] ; Dirk Van Dierendonck ^[2]
1. [1] Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
  
  Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
  
  Madrid, España
2. [2] Erasmus University Rotterdam
  
  Erasmus University Rotterdam
  
  Países Bajos
Localización: The Spanish Journal of Psychology, ISSN 1138-7416, Vol. 17, 2014, págs. 1-13
Idioma: inglés
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Resumen
- Servant Leadership emphasizes employee�s development and growth within a context of moral and social concern. Nowadays, this management change towards workers´ wellbeing is highlighted as an important issue. The aims of this paper are to adapt to Spanish speakers the Servant Leadership Survey (SLS) by van Dierendonck and Nuijten (2011), and to analyze its factorial validity through confirmatory factor analysis and measurement invariance in three countries. A sample of 638 working people from three Spanish-speaking countries (Spain, Argentina and Mexico) participated in the study. In all three countries, confirmatory factor analyses corroborate the eight factor structure (empowerment, accountability, standing back, humility, authenticity, courage, forgiveness and stewardship) with one second order factor (servant leadership) (in all three samples, CFI, IFI > .92, TLI > .91, RMSEA < .70). Also, factor loadings, reliability and convergent validity were acceptable across samples. Furthermore, through measurement invariance analysis, we detected model equivalence in all three countries including structural residual invariance (?CFI = .001). Finally, cultural differences in some dimensions were found and discussed, opening the way for future cross-cultural studies.