Carla Toledo-neira, Manuel A. Bravo, Alejandro Alvarez Lueje
A rapid and sensitive analytical method for the determination of oxolinic acid and flumequine in aqueous samples based on dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction using ionic liquids (ILs) was developed. Based on the structural properties of the antibiotic agents studied, two ILs with different functionalities were required: ethyl-dimethyl-(2-methoxyethyl) ammonium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate ([MOEDEA][FAP]) for extraction and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM][BFJ) to adjust the polarity of the medium. The significant experimental factors involved in DLLME were identified and optimized using the experimental design methodology. A Plackett-Burman design was initially used for screening, and a central composite design was used for optimization. The optimized method exhibited good precision, with relative standard deviation values of less than 5 % and limits of detections on the order of 0.1 and 0.3 ng mL-1 for the two drugs. The enrichment factors for both antibiotics were 13-33 fold. The proposed method was applied to the analysis of the two antibiotic in spiked surface, river, and wastewater samples.
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